{"id":10379,"date":"2023-08-28T00:58:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-27T22:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/?p=10379"},"modified":"2023-10-07T22:59:38","modified_gmt":"2023-10-07T20:59:38","slug":"%d1%83%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%bb%d1%8e%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%81%d1%83%d0%b6%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-deduction-speculation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/10379","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Deduction. Speculation)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438:<br \/>\n<strong>must be, could be, may be, might be, can\u2019t be<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b <strong>must, could, may, might, can\u2019t<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439:<br \/>\n<strong>It must be&#8230;= I\u2019m certain&#8230; (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c&#8230;= \u042f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d&#8230;)<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>It\u2019s 10 a.m. He must be in the office now. (\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 10 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u043d, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>It could be&#8230;= I&#8217;m almost certain (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e&#8230;,\/ \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d&#8230; .)<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Anna could be at the swimming pool. (\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>It may be = (I think) it\u2019s possible (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e&#8230;\/\u042f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e&#8230;)<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>They may be at home. (\u041e\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>It might be&#8230;= (I think) it\u2019s possible, but unlikely&#8230;(\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e&#8230;)<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>She might be there. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e.)<\/em><strong>It can\u2019t be&#8230; = (I think) it\u2019s nearly impossible&#8230;\/ (I think) it\u2019s impossible&#8230;(\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c&#8230;\/ \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e&#8230;)<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>It can\u2019t be as easy as you think. (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f<strong> Present Continuous<\/strong>, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: <strong>must (may, might, can\u2019t) be doing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>must be doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>They must be sleeping. (\u041e\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u044f\u0442.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>may be doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>He may be waiting for his girlfriend. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0443.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>might be doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>They might be talking about a football match. (\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043e \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>can\u2019t be doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>They can&#8217;t be sleeping through that noise. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0435.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f Past Simple (\u0438\u043b\u0438<br \/>\n<strong>Present Perfect<\/strong>), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: <strong>must (could, may, might, can\u2019t) have done.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>must have done<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>I can\u2019t find my keys. I must have left them in the office. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0435.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>could have done, could not have done<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>He could have done it for the money. (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433.)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>It couldn\u2019t have been her. (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043d\u0430.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>may have done, may not have done<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>She may have hoped to marry him. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0436.)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>He may not have been there. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043c.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>might have done, might not have done<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>A whale might have overturned the boat. ( \u0410 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0443.)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>She might not have left her baby alone. (\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>can\u2019t have done<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>He can\u2019t have done that. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <strong>Past Continuous<\/strong> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <strong>Past Perfect Continuous<\/strong>, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438:<br \/>\n<strong>must\/ could\/ may\/ might\/ can&#8217;t have been doing.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>must have been doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>There was a woman standing outside the cinema. She must have been waiting for somebody. (\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e.)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>could have been doing, could not have been doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>The food was on the table. They could have been eating. (\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0438.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>may have been doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>They may have been watching TV when it happened. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>might have been doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>People might have been feeding birds. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>can\u2019t have been doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>He can\u2019t have been driving for 8 hours. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0451\u043b \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 8 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432.)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: must be, could be, may be, might be, can\u2019t be \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b must, could, may, might, can\u2019t \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/10379\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1227],"tags":[1257,1209],"class_list":["post-10379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advanced-c1-c2","tag-c1","tag-modalverb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10379"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10383,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10379\/revisions\/10383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}