{"id":665,"date":"2011-03-18T01:59:03","date_gmt":"2011-03-17T23:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/?p=665"},"modified":"2023-09-06T20:51:28","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T18:51:28","slug":"speculating-about-the-present-and-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/665","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (Speculating)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00a0 <em><strong>possible,<\/strong><strong> probably, maybe, likely<\/strong><\/em> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430:<br \/>\n<strong>must be, could be, may be, might be, can&#8217;t be<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>must be doing, could be doing, may be doing, might be doing, can&#8217;t be doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>must have done, could (not) have done, may (not) have done, might (not) have done, can&#8217;t have done<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>must have been doing, could (not) have been doing, may\/might have been doing, can&#8217;t have been doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\n\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434.<br \/>\n\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u00a0 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b <em><strong>must, could, may, might, can&#8217;t<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<br \/>\n<strong>It must be\u2026<\/strong>= <strong>I&#8217;m certain\u2026\/ I&#8217;m almost certain\u2026<\/strong> <em>(\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u2026= \u042f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u2026\/ \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u2026 .)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>His sister won the &#8216;Miss World&#8217; beauty contest last year. She must be very beautiful.\u00a0 (\u0415\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b &#8220;\u041c\u0438\u0441\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0430&#8221; \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041e\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f.<\/em>)<br \/>\n<em>It&#8217;s 10 a.m. He must be in the office now. (10 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u043d, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>She must be in the other room. (\u041e\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>You have been working all day. You must be tired.\u00a0 ( \u0422\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0422\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>It could be\u2026\/ It may be = (I think)\u00a0 it&#8217;s possible<\/strong> <em>(\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u2026\/\u042f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u2026)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Where is Anna? &#8211; I don&#8217;t know. She could be at the swimming pool or in the park. (\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430? &#8211; \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e. \u041e\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>They may be at home. (\u041e\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>He may be a security guard. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>She may not be interested. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>They may collect telephones. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u044b.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>I<\/strong><strong>t might be\u2026= (I think) it&#8217;s possible, but unlikely<\/strong>\u2026(<em>\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u2026.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>She might have to sell her car to pay her debts. (\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>It can&#8217;t be\u2026 = (I think) it&#8217;s nearly impossible\u2026\/ (I think) it&#8217;s impossible<\/strong>\u2026<em>( \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u2026\/ \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u2026)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>It can&#8217;t be as easy as you think. (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>He just had dinner. He can&#8217;t be hungry again. (\u041e\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b. \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c<strong>,<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f <strong>Present Continuous,<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e:<br \/>\n<strong>must ( may, might, can&#8217;t)\u00a0 be doing <\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<br \/>\n<strong>must be doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>You must be joking! (\u0422\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0448\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0448\u044c!)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>She must be watching a film. (\u041e\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c.)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>could\u00a0 be doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>They could be advertising something. (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e.)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>may\u00a0 be doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>What are they doing? &#8211; They may be making a film. (\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442?- \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c.)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>might\u00a0 be doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Someone might be going to jump over them on a motor-cycle.(\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435.)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>can&#8217;t\u00a0 be doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>They can&#8217;t be dancing now. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 <strong>\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c<\/strong>, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u00a0 <strong>Past Simple( <\/strong>\u0438\u043b\u0438<strong> Present Perfect)<\/strong>, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e:<br \/>\n<strong>must (could, may, might, can&#8217;t) have done<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: <\/em><strong>must have done<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>I don&#8217;t know what happened, but it must have happened suddenly. (\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>There is no one by the name Lisa here. You must have misdialed. (\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041b\u0438\u0437\u044b. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0412\u044b \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>I can&#8217;t find my keys. I must have left them in the office. ( \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0435.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>could have done, could not have done<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>He could have done it for the money. (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>They could have sunk in a storm. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>It couldn&#8217;t have been Lady Agatha because she was in a wheelchair. (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0410\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>may have done, may not have done<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>She may have hoped to marry him. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0436 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>He may not have been at the lake. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>might have done, might not have done<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>A whale might have overturned the boat. ( \u0410 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0443.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>I don&#8217;t know how\u00a0 the robbers got in.\u00a0 I might not have forgotten to lock the door. (\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>can&#8217;t have done<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>They can&#8217;t have died of hunger and thirst. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f <strong>Past Continuous<\/strong> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 <strong>Present Perfect Continuous<\/strong>)\u00a0 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e:<br \/>\n<strong>must (could, may, might, can&#8217;t ) have been doing<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>must have been doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>There was a woman standing outside the cinema. She must have been waiting for somebody. (\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>could have been doing, could not have been doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>The food was on the table. They could have been eating. (\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0438.)<br \/>\n<\/em><em>She couldn&#8217;t have been working for 3 hours, because she has typed only two letters. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 3 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>may have been doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>They may have been watching TV when it happened. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>might have been doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>People might have been feeding birds. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>can&#8217;t have been doing<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>He can&#8217;t have been driving for 8 hours. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0451\u043b \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 8 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>may<\/strong> \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u0430 <strong>might<\/strong> &#8211; \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c.<br \/>\n<em><strong>I think it may be<\/strong>\u2026<\/em>(present\u00a0 )<em><strong> I thought it might be<\/strong>\u2026<\/em> (past)<br \/>\n\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, <strong>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 must (could, may, might, can&#8217;t) <\/strong>\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c:<br \/>\n<strong>am, is, are -&gt; be<\/strong><br \/>\n(Present Simple)\u00a0 <strong>V\/ Vs -&gt; V<\/strong><br \/>\n(Present Continuous)\u00a0 <strong>am, is, are + V-ing\u00a0 -&gt; be + V-ing<\/strong><br \/>\n(Present Perfect)\u00a0<strong> have\/ has +IIIcV\/ V-ed -&gt; have +IIIcV\/ V-ed <\/strong><br \/>\n(Present Perfect Continuous) <strong>have\/has been + V-ing -&gt;<\/strong><strong> have been + V-ing<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>was\/ were -&gt; have been<\/strong><br \/>\n(Past Continuous) <strong>was\/ were + V-ing -&gt; have been + V-ing<br \/>\n<\/strong>(Past Simple) <strong>IIcV\/ V-ed -&gt; have +IIIcV\/V-ed<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u00a0 possible, probably, maybe, likely \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430: must be, could be, may be, might be, can&#8217;t be must be doing, could be &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/665\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1214],"tags":[1209,1242],"class_list":["post-665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-intermediate-b1-b2","tag-modalverb","tag-speculating"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=665"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10712,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/665\/revisions\/10712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}