{"id":8029,"date":"2021-02-23T18:34:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T16:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/?p=8029"},"modified":"2023-10-06T12:58:47","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T10:58:47","slug":"abbreviations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/8029","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 (Abbreviations)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u2013 A\/C<\/strong> \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e account. \u0410 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u2013 A\/C<\/strong> \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e air conditioner (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440). \u0423 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u2013 A\/C<\/strong> \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c aircraft (\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442).<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043d, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: <\/span>http:\/\/www.abbreviations.com\/
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:
\nWHO – World Health Organization<\/strong>
\n<\/span>PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization<\/b>
\nBBC – British Broadcasting Corporation\u00a0<\/b>
\nBT – \u00a0British Telecom<\/b>
\nANC – African National Congress<\/b>
\nIRA – Irish Republican Army<\/b>
\nUN – United Nations<\/b>
\nPM – Prime Minister<\/b>
\nMP – Member of Parliament<\/b>
\nCIA – Central Intelligence Agency<\/b>
\nMI5 – Military Intelligence\u00a0<\/b>
\nKGB – Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti\u00a0<\/b>
\nCIS – Commonwealth of Independent States<\/b>
\nFBI – \u00a0Federal Bureau of Investigation\u00a0<\/b>
\nPOWs – prisoners of war
\nOAPs – old age pensioners
\n<\/strong>BSc – Bachelor of Science<\/strong>
\nCD – compact disc<\/b>
\nWC – water closet<\/strong>(toilet) \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:
\nNATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization<\/strong>
\nOPEC – Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries<\/strong>
\nAIDS – Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
\nUNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization<\/strong>
\nPIN – personal identification number<\/strong>
\nRIP – rest in peace <\/strong>\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

\u0410\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:
\nMr – Mister
\n<\/strong>Dr – doctor<\/strong>
\nSt – Saint<\/strong>
\next – extension<\/strong>
\ne.g. – for example<\/strong>
\nFr\u00a0 – Father <\/strong>(title for a priest)\/ French<\/strong>\/ Franc<\/strong> \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.
\n
\n\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b:
\n<\/b>A\/C \u2013 account\u00a0 <\/b>(\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442)
\n<\/span>ad, adverts \u2013 advertisement (<\/b>\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430)<\/span>
\n<\/b>approx. \u2013 approximately <\/b>(\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>a.s.a.p. \u2013 as soon as possible <\/b>(\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435)<\/span>
\n<\/b>Bros. \u2013 Brothers <\/b>(\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f)<\/span>
\n<\/b>cf. \u2013 compare <\/b>(confer) (\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c)<\/span>
\n<\/b>Co. \u2013 Company <\/b>(\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f)<\/span>
\n<\/b>c\/o \u2013 care of <\/b>(\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/span>COD \u2013 cash on delivery <\/b>(\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043e\u043c)<\/span>
\n<\/b>cont. \u2013 continued<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/span>
\n<\/b>dept. \u2013 department <\/b>\u00a0(\u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/span>
\n<\/b>enc. \u2013 enclosed\u00a0 <\/b>(\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f)<\/span>
\n<\/b>etc. \u2013 et cetera <\/b>\u00a0(\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435)<\/span>
\n<\/b>fwd. \u2013 forward <\/b>(\u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434)<\/span>
\n<\/b>govt.- government <\/b>(\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>HQ \u2013 headquarters <\/b>(\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430<\/span>)<\/b>
\n<\/b>hr. \u2013 hour<\/b> (\u0447\u0430\u0441)<\/span>
\n<\/b>inc. \u2013 inclusive<\/b>\u00a0 (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/span>info. \u2013 information<\/b> (\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f)<\/span>
\n<\/b>jnr. \u2013 junior<\/b> (\u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439)<\/span>
\n<\/b>km. \u2013 kilometre<\/b> (\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440)<\/span>
\n<\/span>lb. \u2013 pound <\/b>(weight) \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0442 (\u0432\u0435\u0441)<\/span>
\n<\/b>Ltd. \u2013 limited <\/b>(\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>max. \u2013 maximum <\/b>(\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c)<\/span>
\n<\/b>min. \u2013 minimum <\/b>(\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c)<\/span>
\n<\/b>misc. \u2013 miscellaneous<\/b> (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439)<\/span>
\n<\/b>NB \u2013 take note of <\/b>(nota bene) (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>OHMS \u2013 On Her Majesty\u2019s Service <\/b>\u00a0(\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435 \u0443 \u0415\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430)<\/span>
\n<\/b>para. \u2013 paragraph<\/b> (\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444)<\/span>
\n<\/b>PLC \u2013 public limited company<\/b> (\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>pp. \u2013 pages <\/b>(\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b)<\/span>
\n<\/b>p.p. \u2013 on behalf of <\/b>(per procurationem) (\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438)<\/span>
\n<\/b>p.w. \u2013 per week <\/b>(\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>recd. \u2013 received<\/b> (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>ref. \u2013 reference<\/b> (<\/b>\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430)<\/span>
\n<\/b>RSVP \u2013 please reply <\/b>(r\u0117pondez s\u2019il vous pla\u00cet) (<\/b>\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0442\u0435) <\/span>
\n<\/span>snr. \u2013\u00a0 senior <\/b>(\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439)<\/span>
\n<\/b>st. \u2013 street<\/b> (\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430)<\/span>
\n<\/b>tel. \u2013 telephone <\/b>(number) <\/b>(\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430)<\/span>
\n<\/b>UK \u2013 United Kingdom <\/b>(\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f)<\/span>
\n<\/b>VIP \u2013 very important person <\/b>(\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430)<\/span>
\n<\/span>vs. \u2013 versus <\/b>(against) (<\/b>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432<\/span>)<\/b>
\n<\/b>w.p.m. \u2013 words per minute <\/b>(\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443)<\/span>
\n<\/b>Xmas \u2013 Christmas<\/b> (\u0420\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e)<\/span>
\n<\/b>yr. \u2013 year <\/b>(\u0433\u043e\u0434)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u2013 A\/C \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e account. \u0410 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u2013 A\/C \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e air conditioner (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440). \u0423 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1256],"tags":[1257,1203],"class_list":["post-8029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vocabulary-2","tag-c1","tag-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8029"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10062,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8029\/revisions\/10062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}