{"id":8719,"date":"2023-01-24T15:21:29","date_gmt":"2023-01-24T13:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/?p=8719"},"modified":"2023-09-10T21:27:55","modified_gmt":"2023-09-10T19:27:55","slug":"politics-and-public-institutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/8719","title":{"rendered":"Politics and public institutions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Politics and public institutions:
\nrepublic <\/em><\/b>(\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430), <\/span>monarchy<\/b> (\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044f),
\n<\/span>democracy<\/b> (\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f), <\/span>dictatorship<\/b> (\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430), <\/span>independence<\/b> (\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c),<\/span>
\nthe United Kingdom <\/b>(\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f),
\n<\/span>the Republic of Ireland<\/b> (\u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f).<\/span><\/em>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>People and bodies involved in politics<\/b>:
\n<\/span>Member of Parliament (MP)<\/b> (\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442),<\/span> politician<\/b> (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a),
\n<\/span>statesman\/woman<\/b> (\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c),
\n<\/span>Prime Minister (PM)<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440),
\n<\/span>chamber<\/b> (\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430),<\/span> cabinet<\/b> (\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442),
\n<\/span>President<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442), <\/span>Vice-President <\/b>(\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442),
\n<\/span>Mayor<\/b> (\u043c\u044d\u0440), <\/span>ambassador<\/b> (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043b),
\n<\/span>embassy<\/b> (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e),<\/span> ministry<\/b> (\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e).<\/span><\/em>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Elections:
\nconstituency<\/em><\/b> (\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433),<\/span> candidate <\/b>(\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442),<\/span> policy<\/b> (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430),\u00a0<\/span>majority<\/b> (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e),
\n<\/span> referendum <\/b>(\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043c), <\/span>bye-election<\/b> (\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b),
\n<\/span>marginal<\/b> seat<\/b> (\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f), <\/span>the opposition<\/b> (\u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f),<\/span> stand\/run for Parliament <\/b>(\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442),<\/span>
\nvote<\/b> (\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c), <\/span>elect<\/b>\u00a0 (\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c).<\/span><\/em>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Others:
\ndeserve to be referred to as a statesman<\/em><\/b> (\u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c),<\/span>
\nbe elected MP for<\/b> (\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 ),
\n<\/span>consist of two chambers <\/b>(\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442),
\n<\/span>the House of Commons<\/b> (\u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d),
\n<\/span>the House of Lords <\/b>(\u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432),
\n<\/span>the ruling party<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f),
\n<\/span>gain a majority of seats <\/b>(\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442),
\n<\/span>call a a general election<\/b> (\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b),<\/span>
\ngain independence <\/b>(\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c),
\n<\/span>economic policy <\/b>(\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430),
\n<\/span>have bye-election<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b).<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/em>
\n<\/span>United Nations (UN)<\/b> (\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u041e\u041e\u041d),
\n<\/span>European Union (EU)<\/b> (\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 , \u0415\u0421),
\n<\/span>North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)<\/b> (\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 , \u041d\u0410\u0422\u041e),
\n<\/span>Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)<\/b> (\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d-\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438, \u041e\u041f\u0415\u041a).<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Revolution<\/b> (\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f), <\/span>revolutionary <\/b>(\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439), <\/span>revolutionise<\/b> <\/em>(\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/span>Representation<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435), <\/span>representative<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439),\u00a0<\/span>represent<\/b><\/em> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c).<\/em>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Election<\/b> (\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b), <\/span>elector <\/b>(\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a),<\/span> elect<\/b> (\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c), <\/span>elective <\/b><\/em>(\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/span>Dictatorship <\/b>(\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430), <\/span>dictator <\/b>(\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440), <\/span>dictate <\/b>(\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c), <\/span>dictatorial<\/b> (\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439).<\/p>\n

<\/span>Presidency<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e), <\/span>president<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442),<\/span> preside<\/b> (\u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c), <\/span>presidential<\/b> (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Politics and public institutions: republic (\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430), monarchy (\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044f), democracy (\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f), dictatorship (\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430), independence (\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c), the United Kingdom (\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f), the Republic of Ireland (\u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f). People and bodies involved in politics: Member of Parliament (MP) (\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442), politician (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a), statesman\/woman … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1214],"tags":[1203],"class_list":["post-8719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-intermediate-b1-b2","tag-vocabulary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8719"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10985,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8719\/revisions\/10985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}