{"id":9581,"date":"2023-08-23T00:18:04","date_gmt":"2023-08-22T22:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/?p=9581"},"modified":"2023-10-05T14:48:25","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T12:48:25","slug":"speculating-about-the-past-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/archives\/9581","title":{"rendered":"Speculating about the past (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u00a0 <\/span>Past Simple <\/b>(\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/span> Present Perfect<\/b>), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/span>
\n<\/span>must (could<\/b>,<\/span> may<\/b>,<\/span> might<\/b>,<\/span> can\u2019t) have done.<\/b><\/p>\n

must have <\/b>done<\/i><\/b>
\n<\/i><\/b>I don\u2019t know what happened, but it must have happened suddenly.\u00a0 (\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>There is no one by the name Lisa here. You must have misdialed. (\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041b\u0438\u0437\u044b. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0412\u044b \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>I can\u2019t find my keys. I must have left them in the office. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0435.)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

could have done, could not have done<\/b>
\n<\/b>He could have done it for the money. (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>They could have sunk in a storm. (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>It couldn\u2019t have been Lady Agatha because she was in a wheelchair. (\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0410\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435.)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

may have done, may not have done<\/b>
\n<\/b>She may have hoped to marry him. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0436.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>He may not have been at the lake. (\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>The prisoner may have escaped. ( \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b.)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

might have done, might not have done<\/b>
\n<\/b>A whale might have overturned the boat. ( \u0410 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0443.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>I don\u2019t know how\u00a0 the robbers got in. I might not have forgotten to lock the door. <\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>(\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>She might not have left her baby alone. (\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e.)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

can\u2019t have done<\/b>
\n<\/b>There was plenty of food and water. They can\u2019t have died of hunger and thirst. (\u0422\u0430\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>He can\u2019t have done that. (\u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b.)<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>She is supposed to be doing her homework.\u00a0 She can\u2019t have gone to the beach.<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>(\u041e\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u044f\u0436.)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u00a0 Past Simple (\u0438\u043b\u0438 Present Perfect), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: must (could, may, might, can\u2019t) have done. must have done I don\u2019t know what happened, but … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1214],"tags":[1255,1209],"class_list":["post-9581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-intermediate-b1-b2","tag-b2","tag-modalverb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9581"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9582,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9581\/revisions\/9582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zinaida-english.mamchenkov.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}